COATI Colectivo para la autogestión de tecnologías para la interpretación

articles.it

2021 ORFC Global in review: language justice is power

Published here: https://orfc.org.uk/orfc-global-in-review-language-justice-is-power/ 11 January 2021

Broadcast Sunday 10 January Available for delegates to watch again

Video uploaded on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMyn2z3rRUU&t=9s

Session review by: Bethany Savannah

The transformation of the food system is a global endeavor, one which ORFC Global has done well to represent.

What often slips through the debate however, is the importance of language justice: the right for everyone to express themselves in the language that most fully conveys their hopes, ideas, frustrations and questions.

In this session Kate Wilson, Lucía Martínez and Isabelle Delforge talked about how important the translator is within global movements. They met through La Via Campesina (LVC) while working on issues surrounding language, so they are all more than familiar with the challenges.

Communication was particularly difficult in the early days of LVC. Isabelle recalls a moment in 2005 when farmers from all parts of the world gathered in Hong Kong for a mass protest against the World Trade Organization.

The mass media portrayed the protestors as terrorists; communicating the real reason they were there became vital. The strategy LVC took was to invite the help of remote voluntary translators who, each evening, translated press releases and transcripts.

A dynamic team formed on a mailing list chain, broadcasting the farmers’ message globally, showing what could be achieved with a strong network of translators.

LVC kept the group and the mailing list going, and the movement became more inclusive as a result.

From there, they started to improve interpretation at biennial conferences. A set of agreed standards now gives interpreters enough breaks to prevent brain frazzle, and supports interpreters joining minority language delegates, to avoid feelings of exclusion due to differences in dynamics, or a lack of technology.

As a result of these standards, all voices are now clearly heard in discussion.

There is a balance of activists and professionals in their interpretation team. Lucía, who studied translation at university, believes her background allows her to offer tips and tricks to the activists, like Kate, who provide contextual knowledge. Kate, meanwhile, noted that activist impartiality is important. The movement is for and by peasant farmers: the interpreter’s role is to empower the people LVC represents, not to voice their own opinions.

Probably not the last challenge to be faced, but the last to be covered in this session, was technology. How can technology make movements more inclusive?

In 2009, Kate co-founded COATI, a collective committed to designing, building and operating technological alternatives for a social movement on a limited budget.

One of these commitments was to provide equipment that would simultaneously translate into languages that weren’t just English, Spanish and French.

At LVC’s 2017 conference, the equipment was used to translate 14 languages throughout the event. It was a momentous occasion.

It’s clear that, without translators, a movement like La Via Campesina simply would not work – that there is no revolution, without translation.

See what’s on at ORFC Global today.

As allies in the movement for food sovereignty, agroecology, and justice, ORFC Global is extremely glad to work in solidarity with COATI, who has coordinated the interpretation team for the virtual conference.

2020 Dreams of language justice : linguistic diversity in international arenas

Published here: https://www.linguapax.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/LinguapaxReview2020-1.pdf

INTRODUCTION

Carme Arenas NogueraIn this 10-year anniversary of Linguapax Review, the 2020 issue, we wanted to focus on the wide range of specificities within translation. The purpose has been to open up a debate not only about translation, but also about the importance of translation in preserving linguistic diversity and the wealth this diversity represents, as a heritage that needs to be cared for.The constant work of finding the elements necessary for the fair coexistence between diverse languages is one of the objectives of Linguapax International. Also, the need to safeguard this linguistic diversity as a cultural heritage, through translation. If there’s one activity that guar-antees paying attention to the other, raising awareness, bringing them closer, it’s translation. Human language is already a translation of our thoughts. This is the reason behind the title of this issue: Translating diversity.If humanity has been capable of creating many diverse, fascinating languages, we must be capable of keeping them alive. We must contribute to driving away the threat of linguistic standardisation, of some languages prevailing over others. And this will only be possible through translation. We must fight against dwindling linguistic options caused by the uniform-ity that imperialist or colonial linguistic positions sometimes tempt us with or impose on us. By translating languages, what we do is translate humanity. Also, translation acts as a bridge enabling cross-cultural dialogue. It’s through translation that we discover new ways of life and cultures that are different from our own, other ways of perceiving the world and, in this sense, we broaden our universe, we expand our minds by opening up to others and this benefits us in many ways.Dear Umberto Eco said that the language of the world, the language of communication, of culture, in short, of progress, of tolerance, of diversity, of democracy, and of peace is trans-lation.The seven articles included in this issue of Linguapax Review approach the natural act of translation from different angles and practices, and address its specificities, advantages and dangers. Also, the consequences of not enabling good access to translation or interpreting in multilingual contexts.One of the aspects we wanted to address is the ethical attitude necessary in all translation and interpreting, given that translation is also a political act that isn’t free from influences and interests. We must keep in mind the power of translation and how this practice is influenced by certain policies. Hence the inherent responsibility in all translation and interpreting, and the need to establish an ethical code of translation, especially in its cross-cultural mediation nature, in its essential role in the cultural transformation of populations. And without neglect-ing the importance of the translator in this cross-cultural communication, since it’s within the context of cultural diversity that this role becomes truly necessary.In societies that are becoming more and more multilingual, language mediation is essential, not only as a tool of empowerment for all the individuals that make up our society, but also as a political tool of democratisation, given that everyone must be able to understand and be understood. In this sense, in recent years, the Council of Europe has focused on incor-porating mediation as one of the key language skills of individuals, not considered language learners, but ‘social agents’. The Common European Framework of Reference for Languag-es (Companion volume, 2018: https://rm.coe.int/cefr-companion-volume-with-new-descrip-tors-2018/1680787989) has developed this aspect recently, within a single language and between languages. Everyone, as part of their language competence, must work on their mediation competence (textual, communicative, conceptual).Traditionally, we’ve discovered other cultures, other ways of life, we’ve travelled to exotic land-scapes, dreamt of faraway countries and mythical characters; in short, we’ve had access to universal literature thanks to the translation of great texts from all cultures. It would have been a real lack of awareness for authors to have remained isolated within the framework of their own source languages.Literary translation in itself has a particularity that makes it unique, in that it preserves the style of the source text, transferring all those cultural references the reader doesn’t have. We’ll nev-er be able to fully appreciate how literary translation has contributed to discovering the other and has been the driving force for influences between languages, how certain works have influenced us, how we’ve taken on cultural codes that are far-removed from our own.Good authors enrich and broaden language itself with significant contributions from the per-spective of style, image creation, renovation, even syntax.The translator is both a creator and renovator of language, because they provide new inflex-ions in language itself and their work becomes part of common heritage.And if literary translation requires the figure of an expert in both the culture of the source text and the target text, today, thanks to technological advances, we have access to sophisticat-ed and useful machine translation programs. There’s a big debate about whether machine translation will ever be able to replace human translation, if it’ll ever be able to understand the nuances of a text within the context it was written.Right now, thanks to artificial intelligence, we have very precise machine translation programs at our disposal that can achieve high levels of quality, especially with technical texts. We must understand the specificities of one mode of translation and the other, if MT guarantees the depiction of the cultural reality inherent to the text. But despite the advances in this sense, we must consider if all languages have access to these more or less complete MT programs.In our current world, where the weight of technology is greater every day, we should think about whether there’s equal opportunity when accessing tools in one’s own language to enjoy these advances democratically or there’s a language imposition, and which are the risks that languages that don’t have access to these tools are exposed to. Are these risks already visi-ble? Or will it be in the future when these languages will be pushed aside, with the subsequent consequences that this entails to the life of these non-technological languages, not to mention traditionally oral languages? New technologies may allow these languages to access translation on equal terms with writ-ten languages and may thus become more visible and competitive in the global arena. We must seek strategies to fight against any inequality and even potential imbalances.This leads us to the question on how linguistic diversity is preserved in the digital era, bringing to light the many examples of linguistic revitalisation where technology can help a lot. New 7Linguapax Review 8tools allow us to find new strategies. How can we ensure cultural and linguistic diversity within public services in highly diverse urban contexts?Advertising and the audiovisual industry are currently two very present and influential sectors in society, with a growing economic potential. We should be able to guarantee the access of all languages in the audiovisual world. But which are the policies that governments would have to implement to prevent the main distributors from falling into certain linguistic dictatorships and for each speaker to have access to audiovisual content in their own language? And, regarding advertising, with the growing influence of English, what should a publicist keep in mind when advertising the specificity of a product? We ask ourselves which factors are involved in trans-lating a slogan, which elements mustn’t be lost in translation, if advertising allows for machine translation, or simply translation, or must it be adapted to the cultural context it’s aimed at.And finally, we also want to touch on the role of translation within international organisations, to figure out which languages prevail. Not all languages are considered equally in simultane-ous interpreting when it comes to international organisations. There’s often a lack of respect for linguistic diversity, with the excuse of a lack of resources. We must figure out the effect of languages without international status on the resulting message, when people who speak or understand the ‘official’ languages are the only ones who can participate in international are-nas. We must anticipate the situation and prevent the debate, the message and the resulting analysis from suffering. The goal is to guarantee linguistic diversity, with the current resources available to us. Language in translation and interpreting is a question of access, participation, and power. We contemplate how we can also guarantee language justice in transnational social movements. All these aspects that are part of translation, and others we don’t rule out addressing further on, aim to make us think about certain attitudes or practices that can do terrible damage to this linguistic biodiversity that is everyone’s heritage and that we must all preserve and im-prove

Read the full article: https://www.linguapax.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/LinguapaxReview2020-1.pdf

2018 Without translation, no hay revolución!

The importance of interpretation, translation and language justice in building global counter-power

Eline Müller and Alice Froidevaux

Published here: https://longreads.tni.org/stateofpower/without-translation-no-hay-revolucion

International resistance means coming together from different struggles. Making a collective voice heard on the global political stage requires crossing borders and cultures, and therefore coordinating and communicating across different languages.

In July 2017, over 450 peasant farmers from nearly 70 countries from all over the world met in Derio in the Basque country, for the 7th International Conference of the International Peasant Movement La Via Campesina (LVC). The conference was made possible by about 50 volunteer translators and interpreters across some 17 languages, depending on the session: Arabic, Bahasa, Basque, Bimbi, Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish and Vietnamese.

Translation and interpretation are essential for transnational grassroots movements. This is far more than a technical question. As one Korean peasant activist highlighted: ‘Interpretation is a political matter. It is directly connected to the matter of how well one can communicate and share his/her opinion in the global field’. In other words, language – and thus translation and interpretation – is about access, about participation, about power.

This essay explores the language challenges facing transnational grassroots movements, and their strategies for meeting them. What initiatives might make social movements more linguistically diverse and inclusive? And what are the major obstacles to achieving more ‘language justice’ in transnational activism? The paper is based on online sources about the movements and organizations discussed, a series of Skype, email and face-to-face conversations with LVC members, regional staff and volunteer interpreters/technicians from different world regions, and a small online survey with solidarity interpreters.

Read the full article: https://longreads.tni.org/stateofpower/without-translation-no-hay-revolucion

---

2017 Chapter about COATI published on the book "Technological Sovereignty"

Read the full book in Catalan, Spanish, French, Italian, English and Dutch.

COATI Colectivo para la Autogestión de las Tecnologías de la Interpretación

SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING USING RADIO FREQUENCIES

summer 2017

Keywords

Language, simultaneous interpreting, cultural diversity, FM radio, Spiders, Open-Source Hardware.

Abstract

International resistance means coming together from different struggles. That means communicating across language barriers, and language is about power. Interpreting is a valuable tool for creating equal communication in international meetings, and multi-language, simultaneous interpreting cannot happen without technology. Commercial interpreting technology is prohibitively expensive, so social movements have developed alternative technological solutions. COATI was formed in 2009 and uses analogue interpreter consoles transmitting over FM radio. For the past seven years we have worked to optimise the equipment, promote open-source hardware solutions; and train technicians, interpreters and facilitators within the social movements to maximise participatory, horizontal organising in multi-lingual spaces.

Introduction

“International solidarity and global protest is nothing new. From the European-wide revolutions of 1848, through the upheavals of 1917-18 following the Russian Revolution, to the lightning flashes of resistance nearly everywhere in 1968, struggle has always been able to communicate and mutually inspire globally. But what is perhaps unique to our times is the speed and ease with which we can communicate between struggles and the fact that globalisation has meant that many people living in very different cultures across the world now share a common enemy.” Do or Die, Issue 8, 1999

“Our resistance is as transnational as capital”
Slogan of the global day of action against capitalism, June 18th 1999

As the economy has become increasingly transnational, so too has resistance to its devastating social and ecological consequences. International resistance means coming together from different struggles and cultures to meet, share ideas and experiences, and coordinate actions. Crossing borders and cultures in this way means communicating across language barriers, and language is about power.

Many international gatherings take place in the more ‘international’ languages, such as English, Spanish, Russian or French. Many people speak these languages, but that is because they have long histories of imperialism: they were forcibly, and in many cases brutally, imposed on people from many different cultures, devouring local languages and eradicating cultural diversity. They can help us communicate, but they are often not people's first language, and people participating in a foreign language may be unsure if they have understood everything correctly, or they may lack confidence about expressing themselves well. Events are often dominated by people who feel comfortable with the majority language; thus native speakers of colonial languages (particularly English) have dominated history and they continue to dominate our meetings.

If we are committed to diversity, grassroots participation or consensus decision-making, we must raise awareness of these power dynamics and processes of inclusion and exclusion. Increasing the equality of our communication and creating space for speakers of other languages is an important political struggle, and one valuable tool for dealing with this is providing interpreting between languages so that everyone can communicate in a language they are comfortable with.

Interpreting between two languages is an art as ancient as languages themselves and requires no technology. However, for interpreting to be practical in larger meetings in several languages it must be simultaneous; and multi-language, simultaneous interpreting cannot happen without technology.

A history of alternative interpreting technologies

The first attempt to use technology to facilitate this type of interpreting seems to have been at the Nuremberg trials after the Second World War, using a system based on the telephone 1. Since then, the technology, usually based on infrared transmission, has developed alongside international organisations such as the UN and the EU. It is now very advanced but extremely expensive and out of reach for most activist spaces and social movements. Even if an event can afford to hire some equipment the costs soon become astronomical if you want to work at any kind of scale.

The European and World Social Forums (ESF and WSF) that took place between 2001 and 2010 were international events on a massive scale, with up to 100,000 participants and hundreds of parallel meetings taking place every day. Initially, interpretation was very limited, due to costs, but some people quickly realised the importance of languages to the political process, and Babels, a network of volunteer interpreters, was born.

Interpreting and interpreting technology became part of the political process. Interpreting is easiest in large plenary sessions where a few people speak and most just listen. Participatory organising requires working in small groups, where more people have the opportunity to contribute, but this multiplies the interpreting resources required, so decisions about interpreting affect the working dynamics of an event. The prohibitive cost of commercial technology and interpreters limits available resources, and there is no such thing as a purely technical choice. Even if there is money to pay for the service, it is a one-off thing: you give it to a commercial company and it is gone. The alternative is to "Do it Yourself", invest in people and equipment and thus increase the capacities and autonomy of the movements.

At the 2003 ESF in Paris, over 1000 volunteers took part in the interpretation, and every plenary and workshop took place in several languages. However, the technology used was commercial, and the costs were astronomical. Full-scale, commercial interpreting technology has never been used again in an event of that size. This inspired the first experiments in alternative interpreting technology. Initially, these were based on computers, but digitalisation introduced long delays that confused interpreters and public alike. At the 2004 WSF in Mumbai, India, computers were abandoned for more low-tech, analogue solutions, transmitting through cables and via FM radio. In Greece, a collective known as ALIS (ALternative Interpreting Systems) was formed to provide interpreting technology for the 2006 Athens ESF. Using the blueprints and building on the experiences of earlier groups using analogue interpreter consoles and FM radio transmission, they spent months building enough equipment to cover the entire event.

Athens was the first (and for Social Forums sadly the only) time that a large political event fully recognised alternative interpreting technology as a political question in itself and gave it the space and resources necessary to carry out its mission. The result was an unprecedented success. Infrared receivers are extremely expensive devices, jealously guarded by their commercial owners who require participants to deposit a passport or credit card in exchange for their use; but in Athens interpreting was made available to anyone with an FM receiver, and versions of that system are still being used by social movements today, allowing people access to interpreting through any household radio or smartphone.

Nevertheless, despite the success of Athens, the experience of working with the Social Forums was generally that the best efforts of interpreters and technicians were rendered completely ineffective by inadequate political and technical support at the events. Furthermore, there was no support at all between events, when equipment had to be bought or built, stored, transported, tested and repaired. Unlike commercial equipment which you rent for the duration of an event, self-managed equipment remains with you between meetings, and in greater amounts than any particular event may need. People have to be trained in how it works, logistical issues need to be solved and there are administrative loads to bear, all of which requires resources and dedication. The Social Forum process refused to learn that lesson, but other movements have taken it on board.

COATI – the Collective for Autonomy in Interpreting Technology

COATI was formed in Barcelona in 2009, bringing together people who had participated in anti-capitalist and anti-globalisation movements. We had supported the peasant farmers of Via Campesina in the creation of the movement for Food Sovereignty, and had volunteered as interpreters (sometimes in very precarious conditions) and seen the value of good alternative technology; we had learnt to organise horizontally and by consensus in the Do-It-Yourself culture of anarchist and anti-capitalist social centres all over Europe; we had built an understanding of technology in the squatted hacklabs and free software communities; we learnt about sound systems running hardcore punk festivals, street parties and independent, community-based radio stations; and it was those experiences, and the values of those communities, that inspired the project.

We invited someone from the original ALIS collective to come to Barcelona and train us in how their equipment worked, and we began to track down as much of the old alternative technology as we could find (most of it was piled up in warehouses, or in forgotten boxes in campaign offices, gathering dust). Our commitment was to increasing linguistic diversity and our plan was to acquire and manage the equipment, so that each event didn't have to solve its technology problems from scratch. However, we quickly learnt that increasing access to interpreting technology was going to require more than just administering the equipment and reducing the costs.

Making alternative technology work for people

The first challenge was to overcome resistance to using alternative technologies, often born of bad experiences people had had with the equipment in the past. Designed within the social movements, the system did not match the quality of commercial equipment. It was built with the aim of drastically reducing costs, using cheap material not specifically designed for audio, and interpreters and public alike could be plagued with an electronic buzzing noise that was exhausting to listen to for any length of time.

An important part of the solution was simply treating the technology as an important issue. We trained ourselves, and wherever our equipment went there was always a dedicated person responsible for operating it (many of the problems of the past were caused by alternative technology being treated as an afterthought, and no one having the time to ensure it was working well). We learnt as we went along and devoted a lot of time to identifying the causes of problems and modifying the equipment, adding small circuits to filter and boost signals, and improve the quality of the sound.

This was made considerably harder because the material built by the Greek collective came with no schematics. This meant hours of reverse engineering were required before we could make modifications. Now, the equipment is almost 10 years old and we are beginning to face the challenge of designing and building new, open-source consoles from scratch. We are very aware of the value of open-source design, and all of the electronic work we have done is fully documented and available online 2.

Making people work with alternative technology

Overcoming technological problems was not the only challenge we faced. Some of the most difficult issues stemmed from the political and organising cultures of the movements themselves. Many groups are based on relatively informal organising and people can be resistant to the discipline simultaneous interpreting requires: people must speak slowly and clearly; use microphones so that the signal reaches the interpreters; and people cannot interrupt each other. Larger networks and NGOs may have more experience of working with interpreters, but they tend to treat it as a mere technical service that should be invisible and not as an important part of the political process. They get frustrated with the demands of solidarity interpreting and alternative technologies for participation and political involvement. However smoothly the technology is working, just having interpreting does not automatically eradicate the power dynamics created by language, and it must be everybody's responsibility to create space for more minority languages.

Another important part of the work done by COATI has therefore been working to promote the political culture that alternative interpreting technology needs to really work.

Volunteer interpreting

Alternative technology can be used by commercial interpreters, and volunteer interpreters can work in commercial booths. However, in practice the two processes have developed very closely, side by side, and a key element of organising an event is often finding volunteers with the necessary skills to meet the language needs. You can deal with this by finding professional interpreters who are willing to work for free, either out of solidarity, or simply because they need work experience, or because travel and expenses will be covered to exotic places. However, this relationship risks becoming one of cheap service provision, with volunteers having little interest in the political issues being discussed; and the resulting expenses can be high even if the work is done for free.

A large part of our work is therefore helping movements to build the capacity for simultaneous interpreting within their own grassroots. The larger an event is, the more complex this process becomes and a whole article could be written just on the political and technical questions involved. Suffice to say it is a very important issue. We have developed a two-day training for activists with language skills, and we always try to incorporate skill sharing in the interpreting teams we coordinate, putting experienced interpreters together with new activist volunteers in our booths.

Speaking for interpreters

Another important part of changing the political culture has been to raise the profile of language diversity among participants in international events. Wherever we work we try to give a political and practical introduction to the equipment, and provide written guidelines on how to speak in multi-lingual meetings 3. We encourage people to actively think about the language they use, for example, asking them not to speak the majority language in a meeting even if they can, because it marginalises those who have to rely on the interpreting, leaving them feeling embarrassed and uncultured and less inclined to take part. We have experimented with subverting the invisible interpreting model, placing the booths centre-stage and having speakers speak from the floor, thus making everyone aware of the processes involved.

Designing flexible solutions to meet political needs

Interpreting inevitably does impose limitations on what a meeting or gathering can do, and simultaneous interpreting is best suited to quite hierarchical forms of organising such as the traditional conference model. However, we are committed to non-hierarchical organising, and we make it a priority to understand a group's methodologies, needs and resources and match them to the technical and technological possibilities.

There are two main parts to this process. One is to work closely with event organisers to understand their political aims and help them to understand interpreting and interpreting technology and how they interact with different kinds of facilitation techniques and meeting dynamics. The other is to take a creative approach to the equipment, building little hacks using mixers and splitters, and wiring (or sometimes gaffer-taping) devices together in unconventional ways to make them do what we need.

We have built up a wealth of experience of pushing the boundaries of what can be done to break the mould of the typical meeting format, even in quite extreme circumstances. At the Second Nyeleni Europe gathering in Cluj-Napoca, Romania in 2016 we organised interpreters and equipment to work with experimental participatory methodologies with over 400 participants in more than nine languages, and we are now working on a technical and political guide to facilitation with multiple languages.

The biggest challenge: decentralisation

Over the past seven years we have worked with many groups and movements to help solve the language requirements of their international events. Very often this means us providing all the necessary technology and technicians, and coordinating the volunteer interpreters for the event. However, we also collaborate in mixed solutions, and help organizations to build or acquire their own equipment and build the capacity to meet their interpreting needs. We believe that real technological sovereignty means that groups don't have to rely on 'experts', but become empowered to meet their own technological needs. One of our biggest projects has therefore been the development of simple, easy to use, build-your-own open-source hardware.

The Spider – an open-source hardware project

The simplest form of interpreting technology is probably the “Spider”: a small box you plug a microphone into, with sockets for headphones to take the interpreting to the public via cables, making it look like a big, lanky spider!

Compared to FM radio or other wireless transmissions, Spiders are cheap and very easy to operate. Spiders are a small-scale device, only really suitable for smaller meetings (although in extreme situations we have used them at events with hundreds of participants!) The real scalability of the project lies in the fact that any organisation can have a few, making them completely autonomous for many of their interpreting needs.

Years of experience went into developing and producing our own open-source version of the Spider, with many improvements such as modular extensions you can use to add listeners in groups of up to twelve.

We build our Spiders by hand for our own use and for sale; and also sell make-your-own kits at cost price. All the schematics, parts references and complete building instructions are published online 4 under the GNU General Public License.

Training new tech collectives

Since the Spider project went online we have run a number of electronics workshops, training people to build their own spiders, and we know of at least one group, in Ukraine that has built Spiders without any contact with us. We also work with technicians from other groups, inviting them to join us at large events and see how the technology works in the field; we have taken part in a number of skill-sharing weekends, helping new groups to get started; and we have participated in the creation of new collectives using Spiders and inventing their own interpreting solutions in Romania 5 and Poland 6 as well as an international collective, Bla 7, that has Spiders and small radio kits that travel to different events around Europe.

Conclusions

Sovereignty in interpreting technology has come to mean many things to us. In the first instance, to extend access to interpreting technologies to resistance movements it was necessary to reduce the costs, and develop high-quality alternative solutions that really work and are sustainable in the long-term. However, that was not the only challenge. A lot of political work still needs to be done to overcome people's resistance to using interpreting technology to open our meetings and gatherings up for speakers of other languages to participate on an equal footing. There is a need to share skills and knowledge about the technical aspects of interpreting and how those can interact with different kinds of facilitation dynamics; and open-source research and development that aims to maximise technological sovereignty must be accompanied by capacity building and political mobilisation, to increase people's awareness of why and how they should use the technology, and empower them to really control and create their own solutions.

For more information about COATI and the work we do please see:

https://coati.pimienta.org

Contact: coati@pimienta.org

---

2017 La VII Conferencia de La Via Campesina

22 agosto 2017

Publicado aquí: https://desinformemonos.org/la-interpretacion-los-movimientos/

"La interpretación de los movimientos"

En la séptima conferencia de La Vía Campesina, realizada en julio 2017 en Derio, País Vasco, participaron cientos de delegadas y delegados de las 164 organizaciones en 69 países de cinco continentes, además de organizaciones aliadas y unas 300 personas voluntarias de organizaciones locales.

Los y las delegadas son gente de base, campesinos y campesinas, indígenas, pastores y pescadores artesanales, con una diversidad cultural y lingüística enorme. Toma la palabra una campesina de India y habla en tamil, le pasa el micrófono a un campesino polaco que habla en su idioma y se lo entrega a una apicultora chilena que sigue el debate en castellano y lo devuelve a un campesino de Mozambique que responde en portugués.

Casi todos los participantes siguen escuchando en sus idiomas, parece mágico . En esta conferencia la interpretación simultánea cubrió entre 10 y 17 idiomas a la vez, según la sesión: castellano, euskara, francés, portugués, árabe, ruso, coreano, chino, japonés, bahasa Indonesia, vietnamita, turco, thai, tamil, hindi y bimbi. También habían previsto singalá de Sri Lanka, pero los delegados no pudieron llegar porque no obtuvieron visa.

No se trata solo de interpretación en las sesiones plenarias: también en los grupos de trabajo por temas, en reuniones regionales y de coordinación. En todas las instancias se continúa con la interpretación simultánea, abriendo compuertas de expresión y participación inusitadas.

Por detrás de este malabarismo lingüístico hay más de 50 intérpretes y traductores voluntarios, coordinados por el colectivo COATI : Colectivo para la Autogestión de las Tecnologías de la Interpretación.

“Nuestro objetivo es que no seamos necesarios” dicen Germán y Kate de Coati, ambos fundadores del colectivo, cuando consigo que se sienten un momento a tomar un café y contarme su experiencia. Se refieren al rol de Coati, no a la necesidad de interpretación. A la posibilidad de que los movimientos puedan autogestionar la organización de la interpretación y traducción, sin que ellos como coordinadores tengan que estar presentes.

La interpretación es fundamental para que la participación sea real y desde las bases, no intermediada por alguno de los idiomas coloniales que predominan, lo cual inhibe a las y los delegados a tomar la palabra, aún siendo líderes de sus movimientos. Por ello La Vía Campesina (LVC) ha cultivado esta construcción desde sus inicios y muchos de los intérpretes que estaban en la conferencia han estado presentes en otras conferencias globales y regionales. En LVC es una regla que todos los documentos a discutir o publicar por La Vía Campesina deben estar en castellano, inglés y francés, así como garantizar esta interpretación en las reuniones de su coordinación internacional, en las reuniones de las regiones dónde se requiera, y en las conferencias internacionales globales, que es la instancia más importante de decisión política, organizativa y estratégica del movimiento y ocurre cada cuatro años. A esos tres idiomas, siempre han agregado la interpretación al idioma local de los anfitriones.

Llegar a la situación de diversidad que se logró en la VII conferencia ha sido un largo camino, junto a COATI y basado en la firme decisión política de construirlo.

Germán y Kate cuentan que la interpretación simultánea, que está disponible en Naciones Unidas (en los 6 idiomas oficiales de esas negociaciones) y en eventos privados, es una estructura comercial, cara y técnicamente complicada, en general prohibitiva a los movimientos, con equipos y organización muy costosa. En algunos encuentros de organizaciones internacionales, se contrata esa infraestructura comercial cuando pueden, lo cual come una parte importante de los recursos y además, luego del evento, no queda nada y hay que volver a contratar la próxima vez. Esto no depende solamente de que sea un negocio comercial, también de que las organizaciones no le dan atención suficiente, en general es apenas un escollo a superar al momento de tenerlo delante, sin pensar en el tema durante el resto del tiempo.

Un punto de quiebre en está dinámica, fue la iniciativa de un colectivo griego, que para el Foro Social Europeo que se realizó en Atenas en 2006, luego de aprender de las dificultades en otros ámbitos, dedicó un buen tiempo para diseñar una matriz tecnológica que facilitara la interpretación, es decir, para autogestionar la organización tecnológica de comunicación para la interpretación y pensar formas de trasmisión que fueran más accesibles y apropiables.

Aún hoy, dice Germán, esa es la matriz tecnológica en que nos basamos nosotros y otros colectivos que se están formando. En el Foro Social de Mumbai, otro colectivo había propuesto que en lugar de receptores especiales para interpretación, usaran radios FM, lo cual fue la base para popularizar esa parte del equipamiento necesario: puede ser cualquier radio FM y hasta teléfonos para recibir la señal, con los auriculares que siempre se usan. El colectivo griego también pensó en modelos de consolas para que se sienten los interprétes. COATI ha avanzado mucho en todo esto durante los años siguientes: han diseñado su propia “SPIDER”, un equipo portable para reuniones más pequeñas, y cabinas ligeras que se pueden plegar y colocar sobre una mesa, en lugar de una estructura completa, difícil de trasladar.

El trabajo del intérprete es fundamental, pero igualmente esencial es pensar en la estructura tecnológica que hace posible la comunicación entre lenguas, para que cualquiera pueda hablar en un idioma y eso se trasmita a todas las cabinas y finalmente llegue a los que están escuchando.

Pensar esa estructura y cómo coordinar a los interprétes lo hace COATI, mientras que los intérpretes y traductores, que en el caso de LCV son voluntarios, llegan al momento de las conferencias. COATI necesita cobrar por su trabajo, porque la previsión, organización y las soluciones tecnológicas, son tarea de muchos meses, no sólo en el momento del evento.

La gran diferencia de la colaboración con Vía Campesina, dice Germán, es que LVC le da una gran importancia a que sus miembros puedan expresarse desde la diversidad y comunicarse con los demás, por lo que nos hemos ido desarrollando juntos. Vía Campesina mantiene comunicación con la redes de intérpretes y traductores todo el año, asigna personas encargadas de este tema y han adquirido los equipos, que van pasando entre reuniones, o cuando se puede, se quedan en el sitio, para que estén ya disponibles en la región, como ha sucedido en África, Asia, América Latina, Europa, Norteamérica.

En otras organizaciones, a veces compran los equipos, pero al no darle seguimiento al tema, se quedan bajo una mesa juntando polvo. Por eso, cuando no hay un nivel de organización como el de LVC, COATI previó un lugar almacenamiento de los equipos y consolas, para poder enviarlos a los eventos que lo necesitan.

“Pero lo mejor”, agrega Kate, “sería que cada movimiento cuide de esto, y nuestro papel podría reducirse a la organización de la comunicación en el sitio y organizar a los intérpretes”. Además, COATI, que está basado en Barcelona y alrededores –además de un miembro en Praga y otro en Polonia– han ido formando a otras personas, que van formando colectivos parecidos al suyo, como BLA y otros en construcción en varios países de Europa.

Porque la parte técnica es sólo un aspecto. “Trabajar con movimientos”, sigue Germán, “implica generar respeto y confianza mutua, porque la interpretación es un tema delicado, ha ocurrido que intérpretes que llegan incorporan cosas de su propia cosecha, generando conflictos. Nosotros tenemos nuestras propias ideas y actividades y aunque somos afines a las propuesta de LVC; entendemos que nuestro rol aquí es proveer lo que necesite La Vía Campesina.”

“Hay una relación mutua muy buena pero al mismo tiempo, está claro que no somos parte de la organización, ni campesinos. A veces gente que colabora solidariamente cree que por ello es parte de LVC, lo cual también genera conflictos, pero es claro que ese no es nuestro rol. Somos una especie de aliados de LVC y eso genera mucha satisfacción, tanto por el trabajo, pero porque vemos que con esa disposición se pueden crear muchas posibilidades, aquí y para otros movimientos” explica Kate.

LVC tiene un enorme poder de convocatoria, por eso también llegan muchos intérpretes voluntarios. Pero se trata de trabajo duro, de muchos años de construcción.

“La Vía Campesina lo ha hecho, porque realmente valoran la participación democrática y de base, porque sin esto no pueden cumplir con los objetivos políticos de la organización, saben que sin la base, lo demás no tendrá fuerza” dice Kate.

“La Vía Campesina va por delante de todos en muchas temas, y en este también”, agrega Germán.

Los integrantes de COATI vienen de movimientos ligados a la alimentación y soberanía alimentaria, entre otros “Reclaim the fields”, una organización de jóvenes a nivel europeo que reclaman tierras para poder ser campesinos. También recogen su experiencia e identidad de los movimientos por la autogestión y por software libre.

Ahora están trabajando sobre el concepto de “soberanía tecnológica”, basado en las mismas ideas base que el de soberanía alimentaria. “Estamos rodeados de tecnologías, las usamos permanentemente y están tan o incluso más monopolizadas por transnacionales, como la comida. Por eso todo lo que hacemos, desde los equipos a las formas de organización, son de código abierto, así otros pueden tomar esas ideas y adaptarlas a sus entornos y necesidades” explican.

“Por ello decimos que nuestro objetivo es ser prescindibles, difundir esas capacidades para que los movimientos se puedan organizar y potenciar la participación desde las realidades diversas y la comunicación desde abajo”

Visto desde la séptima conferencia de LVC, la construcción es extraordinaria y emocionante y aunque en muchas oportunidades todos los asistentes aplauden a los intérpretes expresando un agradecimiento muy sentido por su trabajo, es en realidad un hilo invisible que nos une a todas y todos.

Contacto con COATI : coati@pimienta.org

https://coati.pimienta.org/index.es.html

2011 An article about the use of English in international meeting

spring 2011

"This spring, headphones are the 'in' thing!"

An article about the use of English in international meeting, wrote for the 5° bullettin of Reclaim the Fields.

This article invites you to reflect on the use of English as the working language during the European gatherings of Reclaim the Fields.

During the last Reclaim the Fields camp in Rosia Montana, some simultaneous interpreting was provided. The Coati colletive offered to set up the required equipment to cover two of the tents and some other small groups. Two technicians were there, many people coming for the camp offered themselves to translate, and finally, six professional interpreters came, as volunteer, from Romania. Even with all of that, during the meetings, workshops and presentations, the vaste majority of interventions were made in English. Very few people spoke in other languages, and very few times we heard the point of view of the people would couldn't express themselves well in English.

I was asking to myself why we were listening to so few languages apart from English. I came up with various options. The first that came to my mind was that maybe everybody in Rosia Montana could speak good English; I rejected this one straight away: even I can only speak crappy English, and talking with others about that I realized I was obviously not the only one.

Then I thought that maybe some people were not speaking because they had nothing to say; I asked myself whether we had nothing to say just because we didn't knowing English. I rejected this option because it doesn't make sense, and makes me furious.

I came up with a third option; maybe the ones that didn't speak English didn't want to express theirselves. I didn't find this hypothesis very convincing either because I knew, from my own experience, that this was not true, but that lead me to another option.

I thought that maybe the ones that didn't speak English didn't feel comfortable in doing so in other languages even if there was some simultaneous interpreting. And I self-convinced myself that this was what happened to myself even if I did force myself to speak my own language several times during the meetings.

I reflected about the hypothesis of not feeling at ease speaking even in my mothertongue. I shared that thought with others, and in the end I think this is one of the main reasons why so few people spoke in their own languages. In a context where the working language is overwhelmingly English, it makes you feel ashame to speak another language in front of hunderd and fifty, twenty or fourty people, because that makes it clear that you are not able to do so in English. On top of that, for the others to be able to listen to what you are saying, they need to put on their radio, syntonize on the right frequency, or stand up to grab a radio because they took for granted that the meeting would be all in English. The intent of this text is not to explain in detail why someone could feel uncomfortable when not knowing English. The reasons could be many, amongt others: visiblizing your social class, your educational level, your origins, the fact that you never travelled out of your country before, etc.

Using simultaneous interpreting, and having meetings in multiple languages, even if it would have been technically possible, was not made a reality because we limited ourselves to facilitate the communication with those who didn't speak English. And for this very reason, we had to insistate that it was ok to set up the equipment and have the interpreters working to enable just one person to speak with confidence.

I think we need to have both a personnal and collective reflection on the use of English in our constellation because, for me, it plays an important role in defining who participates in our European gatherings and our network. Who can speak good English? Are we limiting ourselves to well-educated middle-class people from Western European descendancy? I guess that would be a shame to limit ourselves to this set of people and exclude the others.

We're leaving the work half done. RtF aims at being an assembly-led organization, working in a horizontal manner. We opted to use simultaneous interpreting so that everyone could participate and understand. But for me, that doesn't only mean having the opportunity to do it, but should also include feeling at ease in doing so. And even if that requires reducing the use of English as a working language in order to normalize the use of other languages and simultaneous interpretating, I think we should do it.

For me the inconvenience is minimal: the extra time introduced by the translation, the buzzing in the ears, having to put on headphones. And the advantadges are really worth it: if we can speak our own language we gain expression proficiency, depth in our reflections, ease, we're challenging hierarchies, and favouring the participation of all by bring in more diversity.

During the camp, some tried out a strategy to encourage people to speak in their own language by speaking first in good English, and then in their own language, thus forcing everybody to put on their headphones, and listen to the translation. That was great but not enough to inverse this tendency.

So I invite people to speak in their favourite language, in order to normalize the fact of having multilingual meetings. People who do not speak English would then feel that interpretation is not only here for them, but that we collectively choose to make it possible to speak in a language in which we feel comfortable, and that they are not special cases for which an effort is being made.

Speaking in your favourite language favors the participation of all, because language is power!